ネパール動物殺し関係　文献＆情報

■民族構成と屠畜の現状
　2008年に王制を廃止したネパール（ネパール連邦民主共和国：संघीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र नेपाल：Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal）は、多民族多言語国家である。ネパールの民族構成は、人口（2,273万：2001年）の半数を占める Parbate Hindu （あるいはParvate Hindu）――山地ヒンドゥー――の他に、多数の少数民族がいる。また Parbate Hindu もBahun（Brahman-Hill）、Chhettri という上位カーストとKami という不可触賎民カーストがある。Kami の伝統生業は鍛冶職人であり、屠畜にも関係しているという。
　Bahun は僧位（ブラーマン）に属するカーストなので、肉食は禁じられているが、現実には口にすることがあるという。しかしながら、動物の肉も、メスは禁忌だが、雄はよいとか、牛はヒンドゥーによる絶対禁忌であるが、水牛あるいは羊は容認されるなどの面がある。Chhettri は戦士・支配者層（クシャトリア）であり、Bahun よりも禁忌が甘いという。また、Chhettri には、食肉の商売に関わる人たちがおり、もともと牛をのぞく家畜殺しも禁忌だったが、都市の経済の発達により、この種の商売や流通に関わる人たちも登場する。

■Karl-Heinz Krämer氏の文献リストより"animal," "ecology," or "meat" で検索したもの

Alirol, Philippe. 1976. Animal Husbandry in the Ganesh Himal Region: An Essay in Ecological Synthesis. Contributions to Nepalese Studies, 3,1:41-61

Bhandari, Keshar Bahadur. 2009. All creatures great and small: Another look at the Year of Tiger, animal rights and the national security policy. The Kathmandu Post, 5 November 2009

Bhatta, Shyam. 2013. Animal parts smuggling from South Asia to the north via Nepal. República, 4 January 2013

Bishop, J.M. / Bishop, Naomi H.. 1978. An Ever Changing Place: A Year among Anow Monkeys and Sherpas in the Himalayas. New York: Simon and Schuster

Bishop, Naomi H.. 1989. From Zomo to Yak: Change in a Sherpa Village. Human Ecology 17,2:177-204

Bishop, Naomi H.. 1993. Circular Migration and Families: A Yolmo Sherpa Example. South Asia Bulletin 13,1-2:59-66

Bishop, Naomi H.. 1998. Himalayan herders. New York: Harcourt Brace College & School Division

Bjønness, Inger-Marie. 1980. Animal Husbandry and Grazing: A Conservation and Management Problem in Sagarmatha (Mt Everest) National Park, Nepal. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift 34,2:59-76. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift 34,2:59-76

Dalit, B.K.. 2008. Endangered animals. The Kathmandu Post, 6 July 2008

Dulal, Hari Bansha. 2010. Sacrificing animals. República, 25 October 2010

Dulal, Ketan Jung. 2012. Enraged animals: Human-animal conflict. República, 30 December 2012

Dulal, Ketan Jung. 2012. Slaughterhouse rules: Animal sacrifice in Nepal. República, 21 October 2012

Fortier, Jana. 2000. Monkey’s thigh is the shaman’s meat: ideologies of sharing among the Raute of western Nepal. In: George W. Wenzel, Grete Hovelsrud-Broda, and N. Kishigami (ed.), The social economy of sharing: resources allocation and modern hunter-gatherers, pp. 13-47. Osaka: National Museum of Ethnology

Fortier, Jana. 2009. Kings of the forest : the cultural resilience of Himalayan hunter-gatherers. Honolulu : University of Hawaii Press

Gupto, Arun. 2010. Sacral animals & plants. República, 18 August 2010

Iijima, Shigeru. 1964. Ecology, Economy and Social Systems in the Nepal Himalayas. The Developing Economies 2:91-105

Iijima, Shigeru. 1977. Ecology, Economy and Cultural Change among the Thakalis in the Himalayas of Central Nepal. In: Shigeru Iijima (ed.), Changing Aspects of Modern Nepal: Relating to the Ecology, Agriculture and Her People, pp. 69-92. Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa

Joshi, Sushma. 2009. Are we civilised yet? How many Gadhimai-like sacrifices happen every single day on cattle farms across the meat-eating Western world?. The Kathmandu Post, 29 November 2009

Joshi, Sushma. 2010. Behind the veil: The practice of animal sacrifice is more complicated than it appears. The Kathmandu Post, 24 October 2010

K.C., Shyam. 2009. Killing time: Why scream about Gadhimai when thousands of animals are slaughtered in Kathmandu daily?. The Kathmandu Post, 30 November 2009

Khatry, Ramesh. 2008. The state shouldn't use tax money to pay for animal sacrifices: Whither secularity?. The Kathmandu Post, 17 October 2008

Manzardo, Andrew Eric. 1984. High Altitude Animal Husbandry and the Thakalis of Thak Khola: Biology and Trade in the Himalayas. Contributions to Nepalese Studies 11,2:21-35

Miero, Dorothy. 1991. Himalayan Animal Tales. Kathmandu: Pilgrims

Mishra, Pramod. 2009. Law and disorder: People have been acting like animals let out of captivity; and their representatives often think they have become mini monarchs. The Kathmandu Post, 5 August 2009

Pakavath, G.K.. 2009. Hinduism, Rituals And Animal Sacrifices. The Rising Nepal, 5 October 2009

Pandey, Aditi. 2010. Call for Rights: Animal activists are pressing CA members to put animal rights to end animal cruelty. New Spotlight, 19 February 2010

Shah, Pramada. 2010. Never again: Gadhimai has brought together people in the nationwide movement against animal sacrifice. The Kathmandu Post, 24 November 2010

Shah, Pramada. 2012. What about them? Cruelty on animals. Repùblica, 5 August 2012

Yadav, Sangita. 2008. Animal sacrifice and Devkota. The Kathmandu Post, 26 October 2008

出典：
Bibliography on Nepal and the Himalayan area Extract from the data file of Karl-Heinz Krämer, South Asia Institute, University of Heidelberg, Germany, Updated on 10 January 2013