Geertz,Clifford.1963. Agiricultural Involution.

Geertz, Clifford.1963,1969, Agricultural Involution: The Processes of Ecological Change in Indonesia.Berkeley: University of California Press.

I. STARTING POINTS, THEORETICAL AND FACTUAL
1. THE ECOLOGICAL APPROACH IN ANTHROPOLOGY
　The Limitations of Traditional Approarches 1
　Cultural Ecology 6
2. TWO TYPES OF ECOSYSTEM 12
　Inner vs. Outer Indonesia 12
　Swidden 15
　Sawah 28
II. THE CRYSTALLIZATION OF THE PATTERN
3 THE CLASSICAL PERIOD 38
4 . THE COLONIAL PERIOD: FOUNDATIONS 47
　The Company 47
　The Culture System 52
5 . THE COLONIAL PERIOD: FLORESCENCE 83
　The Corporate Plantation System 83
　The Development of Outer Indonesia 83
III. THE OUTCOME
6. COMPARISONS AND PROSPECTS 124
　The Present Situation 124
　Java and Japan 130
　The Outline of the Future 143
BIBLIOGRAPHY 157
INDEX 173

      1. +

the Dutch colonial system consisted, "from the economic point of view, of one long attempt to bring Indonesia's crops into the modern world, but not her people" (p. 48).
J. H. Boeke's Dual Economy
Economía dual de Julius Herman Boeke

  • J.H. Boeke (1953) Economics and Economic Policy of Dual Societies, New York: Institute of Pacific Relations.